Historical experience shows that Stalin was always right

November 28 - December 1, 1943 in the Iranian capital, there was a meeting of heads of the three great powers : the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain. Joseph Stalin , Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met in Tehran to address a number of complex issues related to the continuation of the war against Nazi Germany , postwar order in Europe, the world and the Soviet Union entered the war against Japan . It was the first meeting of the so-called. "Big Three" . In Western Europe, to hold a meeting "Big Three" was nowhere or dangerous. Washington and London did not want to hold a conference on Soviet territory. In August 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill told Stalin that , in their opinion , such a conference is not suitable nor Archangel nor Astrakhan. They offered to hold a meeting in Alaska, Fairbanks. But Stalin refused in such a stressful time to leave from the front at such a remote distance . Soviet leader proposed a meeting in the State , where there was representation from all three powers , such as in Iran. In addition to Tehran as " capitals conference " treated Cairo ( Churchill suggested it ), Istanbul and Baghdad . But stopped at Tehran , as at this moment it was controlled by Soviet and British troops have been here and the American contingent . Iranian operations ( "Consent" ) of the British- Soviet troops conducted in late August - early September 1941. Allied forces occupied Iran of military-strategic and economic considerations (Operation "Consent ." The Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941 ) . First, the Iranian leadership in the prewar years, actively collaborated with the Third Reich ideology gained momentum Iranian nationalism. As a result, there was a real threat of Iran's involvement on the side of the German Empire as an ally in World War II and the emergence of the German troops here . Second, Iran has become a base of German intelligence , which threatened the interests of Great Britain and the Soviet Union in the region. Third, it was necessary to take control of the Iranian oil fields , preventing possible their capture by German troops . In addition, the USSR and the United Kingdom have created south transport corridor through which the Allies could maintain Russia as part of the Lend-Lease program . The Red Army occupied the northern Iran . The intelligence of the Soviet 44th and 47th armies were actively work to eliminate the German agents . British forces occupied the south- western provinces of Iran. American troops , under the pretext of goods supplied to the Soviet Union , came to Iran in late 1942 . Without any formalities Americans occupied the ports of Bandar Shahpur and Khorramshahr . Through Iranian territory stretched the important communication by which the USSR threw American strategic goods. The overall situation in the Iranian state was though difficult, but manageable. In the Iranian capital stationed Soviet 182nd Mountain Rifle Regiment, who was guarding the most important objects ( before the conference was replaced by a more prepared part ) . Most ordinary Persians belonged to the Soviet people with respect. This facilitated the actions of Soviet intelligence , which can be easily found among Iranians volunteers. arrival Stalin refused to fly the plane and went to the conference 22 November 1943 on the special train number 501, which proceeded through Stalingrad and Baku. For traffic safety Beria personally responsible , he rode in a separate car. The delegation also included Molotov, Voroshilov , Shtemenko , relevant staff of the Foreign Affairs and the General Staff. Baku flew on two planes . First ran flying ace , commander of the 2nd Air Division Task Viktor Grachev , the plane flew Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov . Long-Range Aviation Commander Alexander Golovanov personally ran the second plane . Churchill went from London to Cairo, where waiting for the U.S. president to once again coordinate positions of the United States and Britain on the main issues of the negotiations with the Soviet leader. Roosevelt crossed the Atlantic Ocean on the battleship " Iowa ", accompanied by significantly escort. They managed to avoid a collision with the German submarines . After a nine-day sea crossing American squadron arrived in the Algerian port of Oran . Then Roosevelt arrived in Cairo . November 28 delegations of the three great powers were already in the Iranian capital . Because of the threat posed by German saboteurs were taken extensive measures to ensure the safety dignitaries . Soviet government delegation stopped in the territory of the Soviet Embassy . The British settled in the territory of the British Embassy . British and Soviet embassy located on opposite sides of the same streets of the Iranian capital width not exceeding 50 m American President , in connection with the terrorist threat , has accepted an invitation to settle in the Soviet embassy . The American Embassy is on the outskirts of the city , seriously worsened ability to create a dense ring of security. The meetings were held at the Soviet Embassy , where Churchill went on a specially built covered walkway , connecting the Soviet and British missions . United around this " security corridor " Soviet- British diplomatic complex , Soviet and British intelligence agencies have created a three-ring for enhanced protection , backed by armored vehicles . All press Tehran stopped its activities were disconnected telephone, telegraph and radio . Germany , relying on numerous agents who tried to assassinate the leaders of the "Big Three " ("Operation Long Jump "). However, the Soviet intelligence knew about this operation . Besides Soviet intelligence together with British colleagues MI6 taped and transcribed all posts by German radio operators who prepared base for the landing subversive group . German radio operators intercepted , and then took the entire German spy network ( over 400 people ) . Some of them have been recruited by . Attempt on the leaders of the "Big Three " have been prevented . The conference planned to solve a number of important questions : - To establish the exact date of the opening of the Second Front allies . It was the most difficult question. England and the United States strongly delayed timing of opening a second front. In addition, Churchill wanted to open a " Balkan front, with the participation of Turkey to stepping through the Balkans , cut the Red Army from the major centers of Western Europe ; - Polish question - Poland's borders after the war ; - The question of entry of the USSR into the war against the Empire of Japan ; - The question of the future of Iran , granting him his independence ; - Issues of the postwar order in Europe (primarily decided the fate of Germany ) , and security in the world after the war key problem The main problem was the decision to open the so-called . "Second front" , ie the landing of Allied forces in Europe and the creation of the Western Front , which should greatly accelerate the fall of the Third Reich. After strategic radical change in the Great Patriotic War , which occurred during the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk , the situation on the Eastern Front were favorable for the Red Army . German troops suffered irreparable loss, and the German military and political leadership has lost the strategic initiative . Wehrmacht moved to strategic defense . However, the victory was still far off , the Third Reich was still a formidable opponent . Accelerate its defeat could only together three great powers. Allies promised to open a second front in 1942 , but a year has passed , and no progress was not. Militarily, the Allies were ready to start operations by July-August 1943, when the Eastern Front went fierce battle in the Orel- Kursk. In England, was deployed 500 - thousand . expeditionary force , which was in full combat readiness , it provided everything necessary , including ships and vessels for combat shield , fire support and landings . However, the front did not open for political reasons. London and Washington were not going to help Moscow. Soviet intelligence learned that in 1943 the Allies second front in northern France will not open . They will wait , "while Germany will not be mortally wounded Russian offensive ." In addition, it was announced that London and Washington have developed a strategic plan to attack from the south , on the outskirts of Italy and the Balkan Peninsula . They planned to withdraw from the war Italy , having secret negotiations with Italian politicians ; force to act on its side Turkey and using it to open the way to the Balkans , launched an offensive in the autumn ; wait until the fall , watch what is happening on the Eastern front . Anglo-American leaders believed that the Germans were deployed in the summer of 1944 a new strategic offensive on the Eastern Front , but after some success will again stopped and discarded. Germany and the Soviet Union will suffer huge losses bled their armed forces. At the same time plans were the Allied landing in Sicily, Greece and Norway . United States and Britain wanted to convince the Soviet Union that the landing in northern France is complicated by a lack of transport, making it impossible to supply large military formations . Involvement in war on Turkey and the offensive through the Balkans - a more favorable scenario , which will connect the Allied armies on the Romanian territory and strike at Germany from the south. Thus, Churchill wanted to cut off most of the Soviet Union in Europe. Moreover , the pace slowed warfare , which made it possible to work out new anti-Soviet scenarios and to minimize the importance of the Red Army in the final stage of the war , when the fighting will go on German territory . Thus, the anti-Hitler coup scenario was worked in Germany, when the new German leadership understand hopelessness of the situation , surrenders and let the Anglo -American forces to save the country from the Red Army. After the war, planned to create a buffer from the anti-Soviet regimes hostile to the USSR in Finland, the Baltic States , Poland, Romania , the new Germany . Besides allies hid from Moscow its nuclear project, which was not directed against the Third Reich and the Anglo-Saxons had to do complete masters of the planet after the Second World War. In Moscow and knew about it, and prepared responses moves. conference summary "Operation Overlord ." After much debate, the problem of opening a second front was at an impasse. Then Stalin expressed his willingness to leave the conference : "We have too much to do at home to spend time here . Nothing worthwhile , as I see it is impossible . " Churchill realized that the question can not be more glowing , compromised . Roosevelt and Churchill promised the Soviet leader to open a second front in France no later than May 1944. The final operation was to determine the time in the first half of 1944 in order to mislead the German command to the place and began landing Anglo-American troops in Western Europe was planned amphibious operation in the South of France. Soviet troops during Operation Allied offensive had to take to prevent transfer of German troops from east to west. Allies agreed to take measures to assist the Yugoslav partisans . Polish question . The future of Poland also caused serious disagreements . However tentatively agreed that the eastern border of the Polish state will be held on the " Curzon Line ". This line is basically consistent with the ethnographic principle : to the west of it were area dominated by the Polish population to the east - land with a predominance of Belarusian , Ukrainian and Lithuanian population . Territorial appetites of Warsaw decided to meet the expense of Germany ( Prussia ), which in the Middle Ages occupied significant Polish lands . Stalin rejected the claims of Roosevelt and Churchill for the recognition by Moscow of Polish Government in Exile in London. United States and Britain planned to plant in Poland their puppets . Moscow did not go for it and stated that separates Poland from Soviet government in exile in England. Iran . "Big Three" adopted the "Declaration on Iran ." The document stressed the desire of Moscow, Washington and London to maintain the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iran . Occupation forces after the war and launch it . I must say that Stalin was not going to leave Iran in the clutches of the Anglo-Saxons . During his stay in Tehran Stalin learned the general condition of the Iranian political elite , the British influence on her , examined the condition of the army. It was decided to organize the aviation and tank school , give them a technique to organize the training of Iranian personnel. Postwar . U.S. president offered to dismember Germany after the war in 5 autonomous public entities and to establish international control (in fact England and the United States ) for the most important German industrial areas - the Ruhr , Saar and others supported him and Churchill . In addition, Churchill suggested to create so-called. " Danubian federation" of the Danube countries , with the inclusion of the South German territories. Almost Germany offered to return to the past - to dismember her . This lays a veritable " mine " under the future structure of Europe. But Stalin did not agree with this decision and offered to send the German question in the European Advisory Commission . USSR as a contribution received after winning the right to annex the part of East Prussia . Security issues in the world after the war. American President Roosevelt proposed the creation of an international organization ( this question has already been discussed previously with Moscow ) on the principles of the United Nations. This organization was to ensure a lasting peace after World War II . The committee , which was to prevent the start of a new war and aggression by Germany and Japan were the USSR , USA, UK and China . Stalin and Churchill were generally supportive of the idea. The war with Japan. The Soviet delegation , given the repeated violations of the Japanese empire of the Soviet- Japanese Neutrality agreement in 1941 and the assistance of Germany , as well as going to meet the wishes of allies , said that the USSR would enter the war against Japan after the final defeat of the Third Reich . In general, Stalin won the Tehran Conference : - Gave London and Washington to push the " southern strategy" - the Allied advance across the Balkans , the Allies made ​​a promise to open a second front ; - The Polish question was resolved in favor of Russia ; - Germany gave to kill and dismember that would create a zone of instability on the western borders of the USSR. Moscow was favorably unified German state as opposed to Great Britain and France ; - In Japan let himself be persuaded , but in reality, Stalin himself wanted to take historical revenge for the Russian war of 1904-1905 . , To regain lost territory and strengthen the position of the USSR in the Asia- Pacific region