AN-225 "Mriya" (translated from Ukrainian - "dream" ) is the heaviest lifting aircraft ever rises into the air . Maximum take-off weight of the aircraft is 640 tons. Cause built An-225 was the need to establish the air transport system for the project of the Soviet space shuttle "Buran" . Plane exists in a single copy.
AN-225 "Mriya" - the largest aircraft in the world
The plane was designed and built in the USSR in 1988 at the Kiev mechanical plant.
"Mriya" set a world record takeoff weight and capacity . March 22, 1989 An-225 flew with a load of 156.3 tons , while beating the 110 world aviation records , which is a record in itself .
Since the beginning of operation of the aircraft flown 3740 hours. If we assume that the average speed flight (including takeoff, climb , cruise , descent, approach to landing ) is about 500 km / h , it is possible to calculate an approximate value to kilometer 500 x 3740 = 1,870,000 km ( more than 46 revolutions around the Earth at the equator )
The scale of the AN-225 strike length of the aircraft - 84 meters, height - 18 meters ( as 6- storey house 4 entrances )
If we take the largest of the Boeing 747-800 , the length of the An- 225 is more than 8 meters and a wingspan - 20 meters .
Compared with the Airbus A380 « Mriya" long by 11 meters, and spanwise surpasses it almost 9 meters.
Happens that there is no corresponding airport parking for such a large aircraft , and it is put directly on the runway.
Of course, we are talking about a spare runway , if there is one at the international airport
Wingspan of 88.4 meters , and the area - 905 m ²
Only aircraft An-225 superior spanwise it Hughes H- 4 Hercules, which belongs to a class of flying boats . In the air ship rose only once in 1947. The history of this aircraft is reflected in the film "The Aviator "
Since he spaceship "Buran" and blocks booster "Energy" had dimensions that exceed the dimensions of the cargo hold " Mriya ", the new plane provided strapping outside. In addition it was planned that the aircraft will be used as the first step at the start of the spacecraft.
Education slipstream from the fixed top of bulky cargo aircraft required to establish two-keel tail to avoid aerodynamic shading.
The aircraft has 6 D-18 engines .
At takeoff thrust each engine produces 23.4 tons ( or 230 kN ) ie the total thrust of all 6 engines is 140.5 tons ( 1380 kN)
We can assume that each engine at takeoff power develops about 12 500 horsepower !
Engines D -18T AN- 225 is the same as that of the AN- 124 "Ruslan" .
Height m of the motor 3 , the width of 2.8 m and a weight of 4 tons.
Starting system - air, electric automatic control. The auxiliary power unit , consisting of two turbine units TA -12 installed in the left and right chassis fairings , provides independent power to all systems and start the engines .
Mass of fuel in the tanks is 365 tons , it is located in the wing tanks , 13 caissons .
The aircraft can remain airborne for 18 hours and cover the distance of more than 15 000 km .
While refueling a car ranges from half an hour to half a day and the number of refueling depends on their capacity ( from 5 to 50 tons) , ie, from 7 to 70 tankers.
Aircraft fuel consumption is 15.9 tonnes / h ( in cruise mode )
When fully loaded aircraft could be in heaven without refueling no more than 2 hours .
Chassis includes two post nasal and 14 more Rack Home ( 7 racks on each side) support.
Per rack taken on two wheels. Total 32 wheels.
The wheels need to be replaced every 90 landings.
Tires for " Mriya " produce at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant . Price per tire is about $ 1,000.
On the bow front - wheel size 1120 x 450 mm, and the main - wheel size 1270 x 510 mm .
The pressure inside is 12 atmospheres.
Since 2001, the An-225 performs commercial freight transportation as part of the airline «Antonov Airlines»
Cargo compartment dimensions : length - 43 m, width - 6,4 m , height - 4.4 m
Cargo aircraft cabin is sealed , which allows the transportation of different types of cargoes . Inside the cabin can accommodate 16 standard containers , up to 80 cars and even heavy trucks type "BelAZ" . There's enough space to fit the entire body of the Boeing 737.
Access to the cargo bay through the nose of the aircraft , which tilts upward.
The process of opening / closing the cargo bay ramp takes less than 10 minutes.
To unfold the ramp plane carries a so-called " elephant bow ."
Nose landing gear deflected forward and weight of the aircraft is transferred to the auxiliary supports, which are installed under the front doorstep of the cargo compartment .
This loading method has several advantages in comparison with the 747 ( which is carried on the loading chamber through the side of the fuselage.
"Mriya" - record weight of cargo : Commercial - 247 tons ( which is four times greater than the maximum payload of 747 ), a commercial Monocargo - 187.6 tons , an absolute record carrying capacity - 253.8 tonnes. June 10, 2010 is the long loads transported in the history of air transportation - two blades windmill length 42.1 m each .
To ensure the safe conduct of the flight , the aircraft 's center of gravity with a load must be within certain limits on its length. Loud - master performs loading in strict accordance with the instructions, and then the second pilot checks the validity of stowage and shall report to the commander of the crew , who makes a decision about the flight and is responsible for it .
The aircraft is equipped onboard loading complex consisting of four hoists , load capacity 5 tons each .
In addition, there are two floor winch for loading propelled vehicles and cargo loading ramps .
For towing aircraft An -225 aircraft carrier can not use other firms , so the carrier is transported by aircraft.
And as the aircraft is not equipped with rear carrier and towing gruzolyuka unloaded and loaded through the front gruzolyuka that requires performing a full cycle squats airplane on the front foot , the result is lost at least 30 minutes and unnecessarily consumes resources of the aircraft structure and systems squats .
To ensure the motion turns the aircraft on the ground the last four series of the main rack supports are oriented .
Large aircraft weight causes the chassis leave traces on the asphalt
The passenger compartment is divided into 2 parts : the front is the aircrew , and in the back - and accompanying staff.
Sealing separate cabins - they are draining .
The rear of the cabin attendants, intended for eating, working with technical documentation and conferences.
On the plane, provided 18 places to stay and crew members of the engineering team - 6 seats in the front cabin and 12 in the rear .
Staircase and a hatch in the cockpit accompanying tail of the plane .
All aircraft systems are highly automated and require minimal intervention crew during operation. Their work is supported by on-board computers 34 .
The most distant point from the main airport , which managed to visit an aircraft - an island of Tahiti , which is part of French Polynesia.
Shortest distance along the arc of the globe around 16,400 km .
To become the commander of the AN-225 , you must have the experience of flying on a plane An-124 as commander of at least 5 years .
Control weight and balance facilitated by the installation of the system chassis measuring the weight loads .
The plane's crew consists of 6 persons :
the aircraft commander , copilot , navigator , flight engineer senior , flight engineer on aircraft equipment , radio operator .
To reduce the effort to improve the accuracy of the ores and the installation mode of the engine system is provided remote control motors. In this pilot makes a relatively small effort , with the help of ropes move the lever electromechanical device , mounted on the engine , which reproduces this movement on the lever of the fuel regulator with the necessary effort and accuracy. For the convenience of co-management at takeoff and landing throttles outer engines ( RUD1 and RUD6 ) respectively engage with RUD2 and RUD5 .
Control of the aircraft that is Booster control surfaces are deflected solely by means of hydraulic steering gear failure which control the aircraft manually ( with an increase of effort required ) is impossible. Therefore applied quadruple redundancy . Mechanical part of the control system (with steering wheel and pedals to the hydraulic steering gear ) consists of rigid rods and cables .
The total length of these cables is : aileron control system in the fuselage - about 30 meters in each arm ( left, right ) wing - approximately 35 meters ; elevator control system and rudder - about 65 meters each.
With an empty plane - takeoff and landing enough 2400m runway .
Takeoff with a maximum weight - 3500 m, with a maximum landing weight - 3300 m
Enforcement begins at the start of the warm engine , which takes about 10 minutes.
Thus preventing the engine surge on takeoff and provides its maximum takeoff thrust . Of course, this requirement leads to the fact that : The Rise performed during periods of minimum load of the airport or the aircraft has been waiting for their turn to take off , skipping scheduled flights .
Speed at takeoff and landing depends on the takeoff and landing weight of the aircraft and is 240 km / h to 280 km / h
The height is set at a speed of 560 km / h , when the vertical velocity of 8 m / s .
At an altitude of 7100 meters, the speed increases to 675 km / h with a further continuation of the climb to flight level.
Cruising speed An-225 - 850 km / h
When calculating the cruising speed is taken into account aircraft weight and range that the aircraft must overcome.
Landing at night " Mrie " performed instrumentally , ie, instrument , from the height and alignment to touch - visually. According to the crew, one of the hardest landings - in Kabul , which is associated with the highlands and a lot of obstacles . Sunset at the start speed of 340 km / h to a height of 200 meters, then gradually dropping speed .
Planting is carried out at a speed of 295 km / h with fully released by mechanization. Allowed to touch the runway at the vertical speed of 6 m / s . After touchdown , immediately shifted to the reverse thrust engines from 2 to 5 , and 1 and 6 left at idle . Deceleration gear speed is carried out on 140-150 km / h to standstill of the aircraft.
Life of the aircraft - 8,000 flying hours , 2,000 takeoffs and landings , 25 calendar years.
Plane can still fly up to December 21, 2013 ( the 25th anniversary since the start of its operation ) , and then will do a thorough study of its technical condition and make the necessary adjustments to ensure the calendar life extension to 45 years.
Because of the high cost of transportation to the AN- 225 , the orders appear only for very long and very heavy loads , when the transport land transport impossible. Flights are random in nature : from 2-3 a month to 1-2 per year. Periodically there are talks about building a second instance of the AN- 225, but it needs the appropriate order and appropriate funding . To complete the construction is required amount approximately equal to $ 90 million , and with the test , it increases to $ 120 million
This is probably one of the most beautiful and impressive aircraft in the world .
AN-225 "Mriya" - the largest aircraft in the world
The plane was designed and built in the USSR in 1988 at the Kiev mechanical plant.
"Mriya" set a world record takeoff weight and capacity . March 22, 1989 An-225 flew with a load of 156.3 tons , while beating the 110 world aviation records , which is a record in itself .
Since the beginning of operation of the aircraft flown 3740 hours. If we assume that the average speed flight (including takeoff, climb , cruise , descent, approach to landing ) is about 500 km / h , it is possible to calculate an approximate value to kilometer 500 x 3740 = 1,870,000 km ( more than 46 revolutions around the Earth at the equator )
The scale of the AN-225 strike length of the aircraft - 84 meters, height - 18 meters ( as 6- storey house 4 entrances )
If we take the largest of the Boeing 747-800 , the length of the An- 225 is more than 8 meters and a wingspan - 20 meters .
Compared with the Airbus A380 « Mriya" long by 11 meters, and spanwise surpasses it almost 9 meters.
Happens that there is no corresponding airport parking for such a large aircraft , and it is put directly on the runway.
Of course, we are talking about a spare runway , if there is one at the international airport
Wingspan of 88.4 meters , and the area - 905 m ²
Only aircraft An-225 superior spanwise it Hughes H- 4 Hercules, which belongs to a class of flying boats . In the air ship rose only once in 1947. The history of this aircraft is reflected in the film "The Aviator "
Since he spaceship "Buran" and blocks booster "Energy" had dimensions that exceed the dimensions of the cargo hold " Mriya ", the new plane provided strapping outside. In addition it was planned that the aircraft will be used as the first step at the start of the spacecraft.
Education slipstream from the fixed top of bulky cargo aircraft required to establish two-keel tail to avoid aerodynamic shading.
The aircraft has 6 D-18 engines .
At takeoff thrust each engine produces 23.4 tons ( or 230 kN ) ie the total thrust of all 6 engines is 140.5 tons ( 1380 kN)
We can assume that each engine at takeoff power develops about 12 500 horsepower !
Engines D -18T AN- 225 is the same as that of the AN- 124 "Ruslan" .
Height m of the motor 3 , the width of 2.8 m and a weight of 4 tons.
Starting system - air, electric automatic control. The auxiliary power unit , consisting of two turbine units TA -12 installed in the left and right chassis fairings , provides independent power to all systems and start the engines .
Mass of fuel in the tanks is 365 tons , it is located in the wing tanks , 13 caissons .
The aircraft can remain airborne for 18 hours and cover the distance of more than 15 000 km .
While refueling a car ranges from half an hour to half a day and the number of refueling depends on their capacity ( from 5 to 50 tons) , ie, from 7 to 70 tankers.
Aircraft fuel consumption is 15.9 tonnes / h ( in cruise mode )
When fully loaded aircraft could be in heaven without refueling no more than 2 hours .
Chassis includes two post nasal and 14 more Rack Home ( 7 racks on each side) support.
Per rack taken on two wheels. Total 32 wheels.
The wheels need to be replaced every 90 landings.
Tires for " Mriya " produce at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant . Price per tire is about $ 1,000.
On the bow front - wheel size 1120 x 450 mm, and the main - wheel size 1270 x 510 mm .
The pressure inside is 12 atmospheres.
Since 2001, the An-225 performs commercial freight transportation as part of the airline «Antonov Airlines»
Cargo compartment dimensions : length - 43 m, width - 6,4 m , height - 4.4 m
Cargo aircraft cabin is sealed , which allows the transportation of different types of cargoes . Inside the cabin can accommodate 16 standard containers , up to 80 cars and even heavy trucks type "BelAZ" . There's enough space to fit the entire body of the Boeing 737.
Access to the cargo bay through the nose of the aircraft , which tilts upward.
The process of opening / closing the cargo bay ramp takes less than 10 minutes.
To unfold the ramp plane carries a so-called " elephant bow ."
Nose landing gear deflected forward and weight of the aircraft is transferred to the auxiliary supports, which are installed under the front doorstep of the cargo compartment .
This loading method has several advantages in comparison with the 747 ( which is carried on the loading chamber through the side of the fuselage.
"Mriya" - record weight of cargo : Commercial - 247 tons ( which is four times greater than the maximum payload of 747 ), a commercial Monocargo - 187.6 tons , an absolute record carrying capacity - 253.8 tonnes. June 10, 2010 is the long loads transported in the history of air transportation - two blades windmill length 42.1 m each .
To ensure the safe conduct of the flight , the aircraft 's center of gravity with a load must be within certain limits on its length. Loud - master performs loading in strict accordance with the instructions, and then the second pilot checks the validity of stowage and shall report to the commander of the crew , who makes a decision about the flight and is responsible for it .
The aircraft is equipped onboard loading complex consisting of four hoists , load capacity 5 tons each .
In addition, there are two floor winch for loading propelled vehicles and cargo loading ramps .
For towing aircraft An -225 aircraft carrier can not use other firms , so the carrier is transported by aircraft.
And as the aircraft is not equipped with rear carrier and towing gruzolyuka unloaded and loaded through the front gruzolyuka that requires performing a full cycle squats airplane on the front foot , the result is lost at least 30 minutes and unnecessarily consumes resources of the aircraft structure and systems squats .
To ensure the motion turns the aircraft on the ground the last four series of the main rack supports are oriented .
Large aircraft weight causes the chassis leave traces on the asphalt
The passenger compartment is divided into 2 parts : the front is the aircrew , and in the back - and accompanying staff.
Sealing separate cabins - they are draining .
The rear of the cabin attendants, intended for eating, working with technical documentation and conferences.
On the plane, provided 18 places to stay and crew members of the engineering team - 6 seats in the front cabin and 12 in the rear .
Staircase and a hatch in the cockpit accompanying tail of the plane .
All aircraft systems are highly automated and require minimal intervention crew during operation. Their work is supported by on-board computers 34 .
The most distant point from the main airport , which managed to visit an aircraft - an island of Tahiti , which is part of French Polynesia.
Shortest distance along the arc of the globe around 16,400 km .
To become the commander of the AN-225 , you must have the experience of flying on a plane An-124 as commander of at least 5 years .
Control weight and balance facilitated by the installation of the system chassis measuring the weight loads .
The plane's crew consists of 6 persons :
the aircraft commander , copilot , navigator , flight engineer senior , flight engineer on aircraft equipment , radio operator .
To reduce the effort to improve the accuracy of the ores and the installation mode of the engine system is provided remote control motors. In this pilot makes a relatively small effort , with the help of ropes move the lever electromechanical device , mounted on the engine , which reproduces this movement on the lever of the fuel regulator with the necessary effort and accuracy. For the convenience of co-management at takeoff and landing throttles outer engines ( RUD1 and RUD6 ) respectively engage with RUD2 and RUD5 .
Control of the aircraft that is Booster control surfaces are deflected solely by means of hydraulic steering gear failure which control the aircraft manually ( with an increase of effort required ) is impossible. Therefore applied quadruple redundancy . Mechanical part of the control system (with steering wheel and pedals to the hydraulic steering gear ) consists of rigid rods and cables .
The total length of these cables is : aileron control system in the fuselage - about 30 meters in each arm ( left, right ) wing - approximately 35 meters ; elevator control system and rudder - about 65 meters each.
With an empty plane - takeoff and landing enough 2400m runway .
Takeoff with a maximum weight - 3500 m, with a maximum landing weight - 3300 m
Enforcement begins at the start of the warm engine , which takes about 10 minutes.
Thus preventing the engine surge on takeoff and provides its maximum takeoff thrust . Of course, this requirement leads to the fact that : The Rise performed during periods of minimum load of the airport or the aircraft has been waiting for their turn to take off , skipping scheduled flights .
Speed at takeoff and landing depends on the takeoff and landing weight of the aircraft and is 240 km / h to 280 km / h
The height is set at a speed of 560 km / h , when the vertical velocity of 8 m / s .
At an altitude of 7100 meters, the speed increases to 675 km / h with a further continuation of the climb to flight level.
Cruising speed An-225 - 850 km / h
When calculating the cruising speed is taken into account aircraft weight and range that the aircraft must overcome.
Landing at night " Mrie " performed instrumentally , ie, instrument , from the height and alignment to touch - visually. According to the crew, one of the hardest landings - in Kabul , which is associated with the highlands and a lot of obstacles . Sunset at the start speed of 340 km / h to a height of 200 meters, then gradually dropping speed .
Planting is carried out at a speed of 295 km / h with fully released by mechanization. Allowed to touch the runway at the vertical speed of 6 m / s . After touchdown , immediately shifted to the reverse thrust engines from 2 to 5 , and 1 and 6 left at idle . Deceleration gear speed is carried out on 140-150 km / h to standstill of the aircraft.
Life of the aircraft - 8,000 flying hours , 2,000 takeoffs and landings , 25 calendar years.
Plane can still fly up to December 21, 2013 ( the 25th anniversary since the start of its operation ) , and then will do a thorough study of its technical condition and make the necessary adjustments to ensure the calendar life extension to 45 years.
Because of the high cost of transportation to the AN- 225 , the orders appear only for very long and very heavy loads , when the transport land transport impossible. Flights are random in nature : from 2-3 a month to 1-2 per year. Periodically there are talks about building a second instance of the AN- 225, but it needs the appropriate order and appropriate funding . To complete the construction is required amount approximately equal to $ 90 million , and with the test , it increases to $ 120 million
This is probably one of the most beautiful and impressive aircraft in the world .
No comments:
Post a Comment